XI centuries XV to the topic at hand in this post.
London, he could escape the disastrous consequences of the Norman Conquest, thanks to its early submission to the victor of 1066, reached at this time in size and population. Well defended by the White Tower, built by order of William the Conqueror, who made this building fortress, royal palace and prison time, the city ranked since then as the real political and economic capital of the kingdom.
their remarkable "The great barons of the city" Henry I forced to put their hands on the tax lease both the city and county of Middlesex, and to authorize them to appoint their own sheriffs. Participated in the election of Stephen I in 1135, they joined under oath to kill the Empress Matilda in 1141, during the absence of Richard Coeur de Lion, helped John Lackland (1167-1216) to move, in 1191, the chancellor William Longchamp (d. 1197), assuming the title of rector totius regni summus. In return for these services, the London bourgeoisie won that year, permission to become a municipality. The measure was abolished by Ricardo, on his return from Palestine, however, the city was ruled forward by a major (major, mayor) elected, although forced to swear allegiance to the crown, and for twenty-four aldermen (one per quarter), necessarily chosen among the merchants of the city, under the letter enacted in 1911 and confirmed in 1215 and 1221. Since 1249, these elections were already a lifetime. Under Articles 12 and 14 of the Constitution of 1215 (later withdrawn), the king was obliged to consult the city before imposing new taxes on their subjects. In 1216, London welcomed the Crown Prince Louis of France. Perhaps this attitude explains the fact that the crown twice suspended by the "town" (in 1239 and 1257).
In April 1258, London was the seat of parliament who led, with the participation of the bishop, to the development of the "Provisions of Oxford", the city where he moved the assembly. London citizens rejected the "Mise d'Amiens" nullifying this act (January 1246). At the instigation of some artisans, a sudden attack of its inhabitants triggered the civil war, which allowed Simon de Montfort (c. 1208-1265) gather in the city, into and June 24, 1264, the assembly decreed guardianship Henry II. But after the failure of the movement, the city government was, from 1285 to 1298, in the hands of a "guardian" (Warden).
become real capital England under the letter of 1327, the City of London, in this document that sealed his alliance with the crown., was also his emporium. She came from the twelfth century Flemish merchants, clustered in the Hansa Bruges and Ypres, Hansa erected in London and certainly before 1187, were also attracting merchants from Cologne, the establishment of the Guildhall founded after 1130, upstream of London Bridge, he joined a century later the Hanseatic factory of Stalhof (Steelyard), walled and privileged established between Thames Street and the same river. A mid-thirteenth century, the Hanseatic had already become a monopoly in the flow of exchanges that linked to the English capital in Novgorod. The foreign community emphasized the cosmopolitanism of the city undermined by the expulsion of the Jews in 1290, was reinforced by the presence of Italian merchants and the Peruzzi and Bardi, who were authorized to establish branches in the early fourteenth century, to important condition of granting loans to the British sovereign. The foreign community, but exploited by the monarchs, whose financial insolvency caused the bankruptcy of the two Italian companies in 1343 and 1345, forcing even the German merchants to pay "allowances" considered contrary to the Hanseatic privileges, contributing to the prosperity of the city. But also favored the emergence of a xenophobic current, which further increased with the presence of Flemish weavers, established in London by the merchants of tissues supporters of free trade. Opposed, in exchange for this freedom, the guilds or unions, food, from where the three aldermen that the June 13, 1381 opened the gates of the capital, Wat Tyler (d. 1381), Soul of the uprising of peasants burned or immediately thereafter the Savoy Palace of John of Gaunt.
London, the starting point for the suppression of the revolt, often played an active role in the dynastic crisis that shook England from the late fourteenth century and fifteenth century. Nevertheless, it enjoyed a great economic boom, driven by the cloth merchants who arrogated to themselves the monopoly since the administration of the city: of the 88 mayors who are recorded in the fifteenth century, 61 belong to this group.
The city of a hundred churches, was developed from CIV century, between two poles: the City to the east, the center of economic life, where order was maintained solely by the urban militia and Wetminster, the royal city, west, where the country's political life was organized around three buildings: Wastminster Abbey, rebuilt in the XIII century and place of corononación of rulers, the palace of Westminster, built by William II red and Houses of Parliament and, finally, the Palace of Whitehall, where they settled after fire 1698, real government services and the court.
Read also: London 407 - 1017
their remarkable "The great barons of the city" Henry I forced to put their hands on the tax lease both the city and county of Middlesex, and to authorize them to appoint their own sheriffs. Participated in the election of Stephen I in 1135, they joined under oath to kill the Empress Matilda in 1141, during the absence of Richard Coeur de Lion, helped John Lackland (1167-1216) to move, in 1191, the chancellor William Longchamp (d. 1197), assuming the title of rector totius regni summus. In return for these services, the London bourgeoisie won that year, permission to become a municipality. The measure was abolished by Ricardo, on his return from Palestine, however, the city was ruled forward by a major (major, mayor) elected, although forced to swear allegiance to the crown, and for twenty-four aldermen (one per quarter), necessarily chosen among the merchants of the city, under the letter enacted in 1911 and confirmed in 1215 and 1221. Since 1249, these elections were already a lifetime. Under Articles 12 and 14 of the Constitution of 1215 (later withdrawn), the king was obliged to consult the city before imposing new taxes on their subjects. In 1216, London welcomed the Crown Prince Louis of France. Perhaps this attitude explains the fact that the crown twice suspended by the "town" (in 1239 and 1257).
In April 1258, London was the seat of parliament who led, with the participation of the bishop, to the development of the "Provisions of Oxford", the city where he moved the assembly. London citizens rejected the "Mise d'Amiens" nullifying this act (January 1246). At the instigation of some artisans, a sudden attack of its inhabitants triggered the civil war, which allowed Simon de Montfort (c. 1208-1265) gather in the city, into and June 24, 1264, the assembly decreed guardianship Henry II. But after the failure of the movement, the city government was, from 1285 to 1298, in the hands of a "guardian" (Warden).
become real capital England under the letter of 1327, the City of London, in this document that sealed his alliance with the crown., was also his emporium. She came from the twelfth century Flemish merchants, clustered in the Hansa Bruges and Ypres, Hansa erected in London and certainly before 1187, were also attracting merchants from Cologne, the establishment of the Guildhall founded after 1130, upstream of London Bridge, he joined a century later the Hanseatic factory of Stalhof (Steelyard), walled and privileged established between Thames Street and the same river. A mid-thirteenth century, the Hanseatic had already become a monopoly in the flow of exchanges that linked to the English capital in Novgorod. The foreign community emphasized the cosmopolitanism of the city undermined by the expulsion of the Jews in 1290, was reinforced by the presence of Italian merchants and the Peruzzi and Bardi, who were authorized to establish branches in the early fourteenth century, to important condition of granting loans to the British sovereign. The foreign community, but exploited by the monarchs, whose financial insolvency caused the bankruptcy of the two Italian companies in 1343 and 1345, forcing even the German merchants to pay "allowances" considered contrary to the Hanseatic privileges, contributing to the prosperity of the city. But also favored the emergence of a xenophobic current, which further increased with the presence of Flemish weavers, established in London by the merchants of tissues supporters of free trade. Opposed, in exchange for this freedom, the guilds or unions, food, from where the three aldermen that the June 13, 1381 opened the gates of the capital, Wat Tyler (d. 1381), Soul of the uprising of peasants burned or immediately thereafter the Savoy Palace of John of Gaunt.
London, the starting point for the suppression of the revolt, often played an active role in the dynastic crisis that shook England from the late fourteenth century and fifteenth century. Nevertheless, it enjoyed a great economic boom, driven by the cloth merchants who arrogated to themselves the monopoly since the administration of the city: of the 88 mayors who are recorded in the fifteenth century, 61 belong to this group.
The city of a hundred churches, was developed from CIV century, between two poles: the City to the east, the center of economic life, where order was maintained solely by the urban militia and Wetminster, the royal city, west, where the country's political life was organized around three buildings: Wastminster Abbey, rebuilt in the XIII century and place of corononación of rulers, the palace of Westminster, built by William II red and Houses of Parliament and, finally, the Palace of Whitehall, where they settled after fire 1698, real government services and the court.
Read also: London 407 - 1017
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